Easily confused with : Pyramidal Bugle but the flowers of Bugle are less deeply blue and protrude beyond the leafy bracts, whereas in Pyramidal Bugle all the flowers are shorter than the leafy bracts. Pyramidal Bugle does not have any runners, whereas Bugle does, and they run very obviously between plants above the ground. Bugle is less hairy than Pyramidal Bugle.

The stems of bugle are square, with hairs on only two diametrically opposite sides. The square stems sometimes twist 45° at some leafy bract junctions. The plant has a basal rosette of leaves and long rooting runners, so is patch-forming.

The flowers are powder-blue with white markings, but sometimes pink, white or creamy. the uppermost un-opened flowers often have a purplish hue. The upper lip is short, the lower ones larger with the largest and lowest one being slightly notched in the centre, and several sepal teeth, yellow at the tip, protrude from the 'horn' of the flower. They are in whorls up the stem.

Bugle prefers shade and often grows in large gatherings within deciduous woodland, preferring damp ground. The shiny green stalkless leaves on the main stem are in opposite pairs, and like most of the Mint Family on alternate sides up the square stem. There is a basal rosette of stemmed leaves at the base which can be so dark as to appear deep purple.

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