Family: Daisy & Dandelion [Asteraceae] |
toxicity |
toxicity |
Achillea |
Acroptilon |
Aetheorhiza |
Ageratum |
Ambrosia |
Anacyclus |
Anaphalis |
Antennaria |
Anthemis |
Arctium |
Arctotheca |
Arctotis |
Argyranthemum |
Arnoseris |
Artemisia |
Aster |
Baccharis |
Bellis |
Bidens |
Brachyglottis |
Buphthalmum |
Calendula |
Callistephus |
Calotis |
Carduus |
Carlina |
Carthamus |
Cassinia |
Catananche |
Centaurea |
Chamaemelum |
Chrysanthemum |
Chrysocoma |
Cicerbita |
Cichorium |
Cirsium |
Cladanthus |
Cnicus |
Coreopsis |
Cosmos |
Cotula |
Crepis |
Cynara |
Dahlia |
Delairea |
Dichrocephala |
Dittrichia |
Doronicum |
Echinops |
Erigeron |
Eupatorium |
Euryops |
Felicia |
Filago |
Gaillardia |
Galactites |
Galinsoga |
Gamochaeta |
Gazania |
Geropogon |
Glebionis |
Gnaphalium |
Grindelia |
Guizotia |
Hedypnois |
Helenium |
Helianthus |
Helichrysum |
Heliopsis |
Helminthotheca |
Hemizonia |
Hieracium |
Homogyne |
Hypochaeris |
Inula |
Ismelia |
Iva |
Lactuca |
Laphangium |
Lapsana |
Leontodon |
Leucanthemella |
Leuzia |
Leucanthemum |
Liatris |
Ligularia |
Logfia |
Madia |
Mantisalca |
Matricaria |
Melampodium |
Mycelis |
Olearia |
Omalotheca |
Oncosiphon |
Onopordum |
Osteospermum |
Pericallis |
Petasites |
Picris |
Pilosella |
Plecostachys |
Prenanthes |
Pseudognaphalium |
Pulicaria |
Rhagadiolus |
Rhodanthe |
Rudbeckia |
Santolina |
Sanvitalia |
Saussurea |
Schkuhria |
Scolymus |
Scorzonera |
Scorzoneroides |
Senecio |
Serratula |
Sigesbeckia |
Silybum |
Sinacalia |
Solidago |
Soliva |
Sonchus |
Spilanthes |
Tagetes |
Tanacetum |
Taraxacum |
Telekia |
Tephroseris |
Tolpis |
Tragopogon |
Tripleurospermum |
Tussilago |
Urospermum |
Verbesina |
Vittadinia |
Xanthium |
Xeranthemum |
The Daisy or 'Daisy & Dandelion' Family were formerly called Compositae, but are now known by the family name of Asteraceae.
The Daisy Family is a very ancient group, thought to have arisen from the now extinct family Calyceraceae about 130 Million years ago in the geological period known as the Cretaceous Period. Species in the Calyceraceae family first arose in Gondwanaland, and were already widely dispersed well before continental drift took a hold and spread them further afield. Fossils from the Calyceraceae family are found in Europe, Africa, Australia and North America. The Asteraceae Family is an extremely abundant group, comprising 10% of the species of flowering plants, encompassing dandelions, chrysanthemums, marigolds, sun-flowers, ragworts, fleabanes, thistles, wormwoods, cudweeds, groundsels, chamomiles, sow-thistles and many others. The vast majority are herbaceous flowers; there are very few tree-forms amongst them. Perhaps the most remarkable feature of the Daisy Family, and un-like any other member of the Dicotyledons, is the composition of the flower head. A typical flower head is exemplified by the common daisy: the central yellow part comprises a great many vertical tubes (called discs by botanists!). These are the actual functional flowers themselves, they are fertile. The discs are usually arranged in Fibonacci spirals, but on some species the Fibonacci spirals are not obvious (for instance - on Yarrow - although that may be because there are so few disc-florets that a pattern does not become apparent). Surrounding the central yellow portion are what appear to be white (in Daisy) 'petals' which are actually not petals at all but yet more flowers, this time they are sterile flowers. Botanists call these rays or ray-florets. The rays usually comprise 5 flowers (observe the four notches in the ends of the rays) but some are just 3 flowers (with 2 notches at the ray termination), whilst on Colt's-foot, the ray florets consist of just one flower per floret (zero notches). (In other plants of the daisy family, not all discs are yellow, nor all rays white). No other family of plants has this composite arrangement of sterile and fertile flowers1, thought by some to be the pinnacle of flower evolution. This composite arrangement of the flowers gave rise to the now obsolete term Compositae for this family. But not all Asteraceae have both disc florets and ray florets, although the vast majority do. A Dandelion flower-head consists entirely of ray florets and lacks disc florets, whilst Tansy, Groundsel, Nodding Bur-marigolds, Hemp-agrimony, Pineapple-weed and a few others consist entirely of disc florets lacking ray florets.
∗1 To contradict the above assertion, Guelder-Rose - which belongs to the Honeysuckle Family Caprifoliaceae) - does have a mix of sterile flowers and fertile flowers, as does The overall layout of rayed plants in the asteraceae family is of actinomorphic (radial) symmetry. However, the ray florets themselves individually are zygomorphic (with bi-lateral symmetry), whilst the disc florets individually (with their five triangular 'petals' atop) are actinomorphic. Simplistically (and for this tomb), the flower-head of rayed Asteraceae plants are actinomorphic, but floral symmetry strictly applies only to individual flowers and asteraceae typically have both ray-florets and disc-florets, with differing symmetry. The ray florets are zygomorphic and the disc florets are actinomorphic. The zygomorphic nature of the ray florets is most easily seen in Cornflower where the blue trumpet-shaped florets (your Author is led to believe that these are yet more disc-florets, but highly unusual ones) radiate radially outwards like tannoy speakers atop a pole. Lacking obvious or hidden stamens/anthers and stigma/styles these disc-florets are sterile. Cornflower is most unusual in these respects. |
Many members of the Asteraceae family have allergenic compounds in their sap called sesquiterpene lactones (of which there are hundreds) that are able to cause contact dermatitis in some susceptible people. Thus:
Indeed, so many and varied are the sesquiterpene lactones in the Daisy Family that one researcher has based a chemical taxonomy on the exact sesquiterpene lactone(s) present in each species.
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Certain members of the Daisy family are phototoxic, due to the presence of thiophenes, usually polythiophenes , some with acetylenic triple bonds. These include Globeflower and Cornflower.
Some members of the Asteraceae family have notoriety in producing the symptoms of hay-fever, in particular the Sneezeweeds (species Helenium), Goldenrods (species Solidago) and Ragweeds (species Ambrosia). Note that Sneezeweed should not be confused with Sneezewort.
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[CIRSIUM] Thistles
Cirsium thistle species do hybridise, but only rarely, so identification of non-hybrids is not really a problem as it is with those flowers which do readily hybridise, such as Willowherbs, Eyebrights, Brambles, Hawkweeds, Dandelions etc. There is a difference between the Cirsium and Carduus genera regarding their pappus hairs: on Cirsium the hairs are branched (aka feathered) whereas on Carduus they are simple hairs. |
The empty dark-brown squares show that there is plenty of opportunity for much more promiscuity between these thistles.
N.B. Due to the symmetrical nature of the chart, each hybrid appears twice. Neither Yellow Thistle nor Cabbage Thistle have any known hybrids, so they do not appear in the above chart. |
Cirsium SPECIES LACKING HYBRIDS | ||||||||
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Thistle (Melancholy). (Cirsium heterophyllum) | Photo: © RWD |
Meadow Thistle (Cirsium dissectum) | Photo: (CC by 2.0) Geoff Toone |
Thistle (Woolly). (Cirsium eriophorum) | Photo: © RWD |
Spear Thistle (Cirsium vulgare) | Photo: © RWD |
Marsh Thistle (Cirsium palustre) | Photo: © RWD |
Creeping Thistle (Cirsium arvense) | Photo: © RWD |
Dwarf Thistle (Cirsium acaule) | Photo: (CC by 2.0) Mike Cotterill |
[CARDUUS] Thistles
Carduus thistle species do hybridise, but only rarely, so identification of non-hybrids is not really a problem as it is with those flowers which do readily hybridise, such as Willowherbs, Eyebrights, Brambles, Hawkweeds, Dandelions etc. There is a difference between the Cirsium and Carduus genera regarding their pappus hairs: on Cirsium the hairs are branched (aka feathered) whereas on Carduus they are simple hairs. |
[Carduus] CARDUUS HYBRID CHART |
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Text on charts goes here |
Carduus SPECIES LACKING HYBRIDS | ||||||||||
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Thistle (Musk). (Carduus nutans) | Photo: © RWD |
Welted Thistle (Carduus crispus) | Photo: © Simon Melville |
Slender Thistle (Carduus tenuiflorus) | Photo: © RWD |
[ONOPORDUM] Cotton Thistles
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Cotton Thistle (Onopordum acanthium) | Photo: (CC by 2.0) Geoff Toone |
[CYNARA] Globe Artichokes
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Globe Artichoke (Cynara cardunculus) | Photo: © RWD |
[CARLINA] Carline Thistle
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Carline Thistle (Carlina vulgaris) | Photo: © RWD |
[SILYBUM] Milk-thistle
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Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) | Photo: © Paula O'Meara |
[SONCHUS] Sow-thistles
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Corn Sow-thistle. (Sonchus arvensis) | Photo: © RWD |
Prickly Sow-Thistle (Sonchus asper) | Photo: © RWD |
Smooth Sow-Thistle (Sonchus oleraceus) | Photo: © RWD |
[CARTHAMUS] Safflowers
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Downy Safflower (Carthamus lanatus) | Photo: © Mike Tibbetts |
[GLEBIONIS] Crown Daisies
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Corn Marigold. (Glebionis segetum) | Photo: © RWD |
[HELIANTHUS] Sunflowers
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Perennial Sunflower. (Helianthus × laetiflorus) | Photo: © RWD |
Annual Sunflower. (Helianthus anuus) | Photo: © RWD |
[TRAGOPOGON] Goat's-beards
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Goat's-beard. (Tragopogon pratensis) | Photo: © RWD |
Salsify (Tragopogon porrifolius) | Photo: © Doug Brooks |
[ERIGERON] Fleabanes
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Seaside Daisy. (Erigeron glaucus) | Photo: © RWD |
Mexican Fleabane. (Erigeron karvinskianus) | Photo: © RWD |
Blue Fleabane. (Erigeron acer) | Photo: © RWD |
Tall Fleabane (Erigeron annuus) | Photo: © Bastiaan Brak |
Canadian Fleabane. (Erigeron canadensis) | Photo: © RWD |
Guernsey Fleabane (Erigeron sumatrensis) | Photo: © RWD |
Argentine Fleabane (Erigeron bonariensis) | Photo: © Diane Napier |
Bilbao's Fleabane (Erigeron Floribundus) | Photo: © Diane Napier |
[PILOSELLA (sub-Genus of Hiercium)] Mouse-ear Hawkweeds
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Fox-and-Cubs (Orange Hawkweed). (Pilosella aurantiaca) |
Photo: © RWD |
Mouse-Ear Hawkweed (Pilosella officinarum) | Photo: © RWD |
[HIERACIUM] Hawkweeds
There are approximately 260 Hieracium species known. It is a large Geunus.
Hieracium is split up into 15 sub-sections, much the same as Taracacum (Dandelions) species are split into 9 Taraxacum sub-sections.
Although the above list does not add up to 484, there are indeed over 484 differing Hieraciums in the OH (and maybe over 10,000 worldwide!).
Hawkweeds (Hieracium) [as well as Brambles (Rubus) and Dandelions (Taraxacum), Hawthorns (Cratageous), Rowans & Whitebeams (Sorbus), Meadow-grasses (Poa) and
All or most species of Dandelion are hybrids which reproduce asexually - only a handful reproduce by sexual means. Hawthorns (Crataegus), Rowans & Whitebeams (Sorbus), Meadow-grasses (Poa) and There are 430 species (and climbing after recent discoveries and research) of Hieracium in the UK but in the World Wide World there are over 10,000 (and probably many more still to be differentiated / identified) - this fact reinforces the power of apomixic reproduction in its potential to create thousands of extremely similar microspecies when they are in small isolated niches). Almost all of these 430 odd Hieracium microspecies are endemic to the UK, growing nowhere else in the World. Certainly all those belonging to the section Alpine are endemic to the UK except for just one that does grow elsewhere - Hieracium alpinum (Alpine Hawkweed).
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Hieracium alpinum (Hieracium alpinum) | Photo: © Peter Andrews |
Bald-Leaved Hawkweed (Hieracium calvum) | Photo: © Peter Andrews |
Hieracium deargicola (Hieracium deargicola) | Photo: © Peter Andrews |
Hieracium einichense (Hieracium einichense) | Photo: © Peter Andrews |
Hieracium eximium (Hieracium eximium) | Photo: © Peter Andrews |
Hieracium graniticola (Hieracium graniticola) | Photo: © Peter Andrews |
Hieracium grovesii (Hieracium grovesii) | Photo: © Peter Andrews |
Hieracium macrocarpum (Hieracium macrocarpum) | Photo: © Peter Andrews |
Hieracium molybdocroum (Hieracium molybdochroum) | Photo: © Peter Andrews |
Hieracium pentaploideum (Hieracium pentaploideum) | Photo: © Peter Andrews |
Marigold Hawkweed (Hieracium calenduliflorum) | Photo: © Peter Andrews |
Remarkable Hawkweed (Hieracium notabile) | Photo: © Peter Andrews |
Shaggy Hawkweed (Hieracium holosericeum) | Photo: © Peter Andrews |
Splendid Hawkweed (Hieracium optimum) | Photo: © Peter Andrews |
Valuable Hawkweed (Hieracium pensum) | Photo: © Peter Andrews |
Grand-Toothed Hawkweed (Hieracium grandidens) | Photo: © RWD |
Purple-Flushed Hawkweed (Hieracium pseudoleyi) | Photo: © RWD |
Confused Hawkweed (Hieracium britannicoides) | Photo: © RWD |
[PICRIS] Hawkweed Oxtongue
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Hawkweed Oxtongue (Picris hieracioides) | Photo: © RWD |
[EUPATORIUM] Hemp-agrimony
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Hemp-agrimony. (Eupatorium cannabinum) | Photo: © RWD |
[TANACETUM] Tansies
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Feverfew. (Tanacetum parthenium) | Photo: © RWD |
Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare) | Photo: © RWD |
[COTULA] Buttonweeds
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Buttonweed (Cotula coronopifolia) | Photo: © Roger & Jacquey Newton |
[ACHILLEA] Yarrows
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Yarrow. (Achillea millefolium) | Photo: © RWD |
Sneezewort. (Achilla ptarmica) | Photo: © RWD |
Cottonweed (Achillea maritima) | Photo: © Paula O'Meara |
[BELLIS] Daisy
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Daisy. (Bellis perennis) | Photo: © RWD |
[TEPHROSERIS] Fleaworts
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Field Fleawort (Tephroseris integrifolia) | Photo: © Dawn Nelson |
[PULICARIA] Fleabanes
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Common Fleabane. (Pulicaria dysenterica) | Photo: © RWD |
Small Fleabane (Pulicaria vulgaris) | Photo: © Dawn Nelson |
[LAPSANA] Nipplewort
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Nipplewort. (Lapsana communis) | Photo: © RWD |
[MYCELIS] Wall Lettuce
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Wall Lettuce. (Mycelis muralis) | Photo: © RWD |
[LACTUCA] Lettuces
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Russian Lettuce. (Lactuca tatarica) | Photo: © RWD |
Great Lettuce (Lactuca virosa) | Photo: © RWD |
Prickly Lettuce (Lactuca serriola) | Photo: © RWD |
[CICHORIUM] Chicory
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Chicory. (Cichorium intybus) | Photo: © RWD |
[CICERBITA] Blue-sowthistles
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Common Blue-Sowthistle. (Cicerbita plumieri) | Photo: © RWD |
[TUSSILAGO] Colt's-foot
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Colt's-foot. (Tussilago farfara) | Photo: © RWD |
[TARAXACUM] Dandelions
Dandelions (as well as Brambles (Rubus and Hawkweeds (Hieracium) all have hundreds of species. They are all apomictic (or agamospermic - asexual reproduction via seeds), capable of the production of viable seeds without self-fertilisation or cross-fertilization and are entirely female in origin. This results in a wide spectrum of hybrid microspecies, most looking very similar. All or most species of Dandelion are hybrids which reproduce asexually - only a handful reproduce by sexual means. |
A Dandelion. (Taraxacum officinale) | Photo: © RWD |
[GALINSOGA] Gallant-soldiers
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Shaggy Soldier. (Galinsoga quadriradiata) | Photo: © RWD |
Gallant Soldier. (Galinsoga parviflora) | Photo: © RWD |
[SENECIO] Ragworts
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Senecio SPECIES LACKING HYBRIDS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Common Ragwort (Senecio Jacobaea) | Photo: © RWD |
Oxford Ragwort (Senecio squalidus) | Photo: © RWD |
Marsh Ragwort (Senecio aquaticus) | Photo: © RWD |
Hoary Ragwort (Senecio erucifolis) | Photo: © Mike Baldwin |
Narrow-Leaved Ragwort (Senecio inaequidens) | Photo: © RWD |
Broad-Leaved Ragwort (Senecio sarracenicus) | Photo: © Alyson Freeman |
Silver Ragwort (Senecio cineraria) | Photo: © RWD |
Sticky Groundsel (Senecio viscosus) | Photo: © RWD |
Groundsel (Rayed) (Senecio vulgaris) | Photo: © RWD |
[TELEKIA] Yellow Oxeye
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Yellow Oxeye (Telekia speciosa) | Photo: © RWD |
[LEUCANTHEMUM] Oxeye Daisies
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Oxeye Daisy (Leucanthemum vulgare) | Photo: © RWD |
Shasta Daisy (Leucanthemum × superbum ) | Photo: © RWD |
[INULA] Fleabanes
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Elecampane. (Inula helenium) | Photo: © David Meacham |
Golden Samphire (Inula crithmoides) | Photo: © Paula O'Meara |
Ploughman's Spikenard (Inula conyzae) | Photo: © RWD |
[ANTHEMIS] Chamomiles
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Corn Chamomile (Anthemis arvensis) | Photo: © RWD |
Stinking Chamomile (Anthemis cotula) | Photo: © RWD |
[TRIPLEUROSPERMUM] Mayweeds
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Sea Mayweed (Tripleurospermum maritimum) | Photo: © RWD |
[ANAPHALIS] Pearly Everlasting
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Pearly Everlasting (Anaphalis margaritacea) | Photo: © RWD |
[ANTENNARIA] Mountain Everlasting
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Mountain Everlasting (Antennaria dioica) | Photo: © Gordon Anderson |
[MATRICARIA] Mayweeds
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Pineapple Weed (Matricaria discoidea) | Photo: © RWD |
[SOLIDAGO] Goldenrods
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[Solidago] GOLDENROD HYBRID CHART |
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Solidago SPECIES LACKING HYBRIDS | ||||||||||
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Goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea) | Photo: © RWD |
Canadian Goldenrod (Solidago canadensis) | Photo: © RWD |
[BIDENS] Bur-Marigolds
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London Bur-Marigold (Bidens connata) | Photo: © RWD |
Trifid Bur-Marigold (Bidens tripartita) | Photo: © RWD |
Nodding Bur-Marigold (Bidens cernua) | Photo: © RWD |
[PETASITES] Butturburs
Butterburs (Genera Petasites) used to be grouped under the Tussilago Genus. All contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids. |
Butterbur (Petasites hybridus) | Photo: © RWD |
Winter Heliotrope (Petasites fragrans) | Photo: © Dermot Baxter |
White Butterbur (Petasites albus) | Photo: © RWD |
Giant Butterbur (Petasites japonica) | Photo: © RWD |
[HELMINTHOTHECA] Oxtongues
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Bristly Oxtongue (Helminthotheca echioides) | Photo: © RWD |
[CREPIS] Hawk's-beards
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Beaked Hawk's-beard (Crepis vesicaria) | Photo: © RWD |
Smooth Hawk's-Beard (Crepis capillaris) | Photo: © RWD |
[SCORZONERA] Viper's-Grass
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Viper's-Grass (Scorzonera humilis) | Photo: (CC by 2.0) Geoff Toone |
[HYPOCHAERIS] Cat's-ears
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Cat's-ear (Hypochaeris radicata) | Photo: © RWD |
Smooth Cat's-ear (Hypochaeris glabra) | Photo: (CC by 2.0) Geoff Toone |
[LEONTODON] Hawkbits
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Rough Hawkbit (Leontodon hispidus) | Photo: © RWD |
Lesser Hawkbit (Leontodon saxatilis) | Photo: © RWD |
[CENTAUREA] Knapweeds
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The Centaurea Genus encompasses many plants with thistle-like flowers (but not thistle-like stems or leaves), many of which have 'rays' on the outer edge which consist not of ray-florets (flat 'petals') but very long tubular disc-florets that have five deep clefts at the end, much like as those in Greater Knapweed, although not all are purple. Besides the Knapweeds, these include such plants as the sky-blue Cornflower, Perennial Cornflowerand others that are not rayed such as Red Star-thistle, Yellow Star-thistleand Lesser Star-thistle. Mr Clive Stace thinks the genus over-crowded with disparate plants, and that this genus is ripe for splitting into other genera. |
Greater Knapweed (Centaurea scabiosa) | Photo: © RWD |
Common Knapweed (Centaurea nigra) | Photo: © RWD |
Lesser Knapweed (Centaurea nemoralis) (now known as Chalk Knapweed(Centaurea debeauxii)) |
Photo: © RWD |
Hybrid Knapweed (Centaurea × gerstlaueri) | Photo: © RWD |
Giant Knapweed (Centaurea macrocephala) | Photo: © George |
Cornflower (Centaurea cyanus) | Photo: © RWD |
Perennial Cornflower (Centaurea montana) | Photo: © RWD |
Red Star-Thistle (Centaurea calcitrapa) | Photo: © Jim Barton |
Yellow Star-Thistle (Centaurea solstitialis) | Photo: (CC by 2.0) Geoff Toone |
[SERRATULA] Saw-Worts
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Saw-Wort (Serratula tinctoria) | Photo: © Phillip Bagshaw |
[CATANANCHE] Blue Cupidone
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Blue Cupidone (Catananche caerulea) | Photo: © RWD |
[LEUZIA]
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Cone Knapweed (Leuzia conifera) | Photo: © Phil Brew |
[DORONICUM] Leopard's-bane
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[Doronicum] LEOPARD'S-BANE HYBRID CHART |
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There are two hybrids. The first between Plantain-leaved Leopard's-bane (Doronicum plantagineaum) and Leopard's-bane (Doronicum pardalianches) which is called Doronicum × willdenowii.
The second is a triple hybrid betwen, it is thought, Plantain-leaved Leopard's-bane (Doronicum plantagineaum) and Leopard's-bane (Doronicum pardalianches) and Eastern Leopard's-bane (Doronicum columnae) which is called Doronicum × excelsum. The three Leopard's-banes are relatively easily identified, but it is their hybrids with which the three are so confused. |
Doronicum SPECIES LACKING HYBRIDS | ||
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Leopard's-Bane (Doronicum pardalianches) | Photo: © RWD |
[ASTER] Aster
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[Aster] MICHAELMAS DAISY HYBRID CHART |
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Aster SPECIES LACKING HYBRIDS | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Common Michaelmas-Daisy. (Aster ×salignus) | Photo: © RWD |
Sea Aster (Aster tripolium) | Photo: © RWD |
[AMBROSIA] Ragweeds
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Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia) | Photo: © Chris Cafferkey |
[OLEARIA] Daisy-Bushes
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New-Zealand Holly (Olearia macrodonta) | Photo: © RWD |
[LIGULARIA] Leopardplants
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Leopardplant (Ligularia dentata) | Photo: © RWD |
Tyneside Leopardplant (Ligularia przewalskii) | Photo: © RWD |
[ECHINOPS] Globe-Thistles
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Blue Globe-Thistle (Echinops bannaticus) | Photo: © RWD |
[CALENDULA] Marigolds
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Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis) | Photo: © RWD |
[RUDBECKIA] Coneflowers
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Coneflower (Bristly) (Rudbeckia hirta) | Photo: © RWD |
Black-eyed-Susan (Rudbeckia hirta var. angustifolia) | Photo: © RWD |
[GAILLARDIA] Blanketflowers
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Blanketflower (Gaillardia x grandiflora) | Photo: © Dawn Nelson |
[GNAPHALIUM] Cudweeds
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Marsh Cudweed (Gnaphalium sylvaticum) | Photo: © RWD |
[FILAGO] Cudweeds
Logfia did not used to exist as a genus; all plants in it once belonged to this Filago genus, but now only one Cudweed is left in the Filago genus. Also, the Filago genus used to be called Gifola genus, which prior to that was called the Oglifa genus. Your Author concludes that some taxonomist is playing anagram games with us, but for what purpose? May I propose an extra Goliaf genus for tall Cudweeds and a Foliag genus for very leafy Cudweeds. |
Broad-Leaved Cudweed (Filago pyramidata) | Photo: (CC by 2.0) Geoff Toone |
Common Cudweed (Filago germanica) | Photo: © Bastiaan Brak |
[PSEUDOGNAPHALIUM] Cape Cudweed
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Cape Cudweed (Pseudognaphalium undulatum) | Photo: © Maryline Calabrin |
[LOGFIA] Cudweeds
Logfia did not used to exist as a genus; all plants in it once belonged to the Filago genus, but now only one Cudweed is left in the Filago genus. Also, the Filago genus used to be called Gifola genus, which prior to that was called the Oglifa genus. Your Author concludes that some taxonomist is playing anagram games with us, but for what purpose? May I propose an extra Goliaf genus for tall Cudweeds and a Foliag genus for very leafy Cudweeds. |
Small Cudweed (Logfia minima) | Photo: (CC by 2.0) Geoff Toone |
Red-Tipped Cudweed (Logfia gallica) | Photo: © RWD ************ OR A DIFFERING CONTRIBUTOR ************** |
[OMALOTHECA] Cudweeds
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Heath Cudweed (Omalotheca sylvatica) | Photo: © Dawn Nelson |
Highland Cudweed (Omalotheca norvegica) | Photo: © Peter Andrews |
[LAPHANGIUM] Jersey Cudweed
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Jersey Cudweed (Laphangium luteoalbum) | Photo: © Dave Bishop |
[ARTEMISIA] Mugworts
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Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) | Photo: © RWD |
Dune Wormwood (Artemisia campestris ssp. maritima) | Photo: © RWD |
Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) | Photo: © RWD |
[ARCTIUM] Burdocks
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Lesser Burdock (Arctium minus) | Photo: © RWD |
[AGERATUM] Flossflower
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Flossflower (Ageratum houstonianum) | Photo: © RWD |
[XANTHIUM] Xanthium
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Rough Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) | Photo: © Bastiaan Brak |
Family: Daisy & Dandelion [Asteraceae] |