HYBRID CHARTS

This shows the hybrid charts of families of plants. [The hybrid charts themselves are embedded within the  Family Album pages, but that is of no concern]. For added convenience, those Family Album pages which have hybrid charts (not all of them do because some Families do not appear to have hybrids found in the wild) are all listed individually here.

For a plant to be a hybrid it must have an '×' between the genus name and the specific epithet. If that is missing, for example in Cut-Leaved Dead-nettle (Lamium hybridum), Alsike Clover (Trifolium hybridum) or Green Amaranth (Amaranthus hybridus), then the plant is NOT a hybrid, with anything, but is instead a separate species; botanically it is simply that the naming author thinks that the species is morphologically intermediate between two other plants already described. There are several other species with the specific epithet 'hybridum' or 'hybridus' which lack the '×'.

 
[Potentilla]
TORMENTIL HYBRID CHART
[Potentilla]
TORMENTIL
HYBRIDS
BSBI MAPS
Trailing
Tormentil

(anglica)
Tormentil
(erecta)
Sulphur
Cinquefoil

(recta)
Creeping
Cinquefoil

(reptans)
Creeping
Cinquefoil

(reptans)
Hybrid
Cinquefoil
Potentilla
×
italica
Potentilla
×
italica
Sulphur
Cinquefoil

(recta)
Potentilla
×
suberecta
Potentilla
×
suberecta
Potentilla
×
italica
Tormentil
(erecta)
Potentilla
×
suberecta
Potentilla
×
suberecta
Potentilla
×
italica
Trailing
Tormentil

(anglica)
Potentilla
×
suberecta
Potentilla
×
suberecta
Hybrid
Cinquefoil

The hybrid chart, example above, takes the form of a n × n square array, where the possible parents are both listed on the two grey axes, x-axis and y-axis. If a hybrid between two parents on the x- and y-axes exists, then the corresponding square within the body of the chart is highlighted brown. Those squares without hybrids are in a darker brown. The black squares are on the diagonal show and merely show that hybrids cannot exist between two identical parents. Note that the diagram is symmetrical and that each hybrid appears twice, on either side of the black diagonal.

Where the hybrids have (English) names then these are shown in preference to the latin name, which will be of the form : Genus name × second name

In the (active) example above, clicking on non-empty squares results in the popping out of external pages from the BSBI (Botanical Society of the British Isles) website. Clicking on either a parent or a hybrid will result in a BSBI map of the distribution of the plant so called, where you will also see further details purporting to its name.

NOT represented on these charts are any inter-Genus hybrids, hybrids between one genus and another, normally shown as such: X A. bbbbb × B. ddddd.

On the other hand, clicking on the key square (top left) will result in a list of ALL species with that first name, regardless of whether they hybridise. This is extremely useful in seeing all the possible species belonging to that particular sub-group, many of which will not yet be listed in this, the Wild Flower Finder website.

The chart is followed by a list of species belonging to the same Genus for which no known hybrids exist (or, more likely, do not exist in the UK). Knowing which species are without hybrids is almost as important as knowing which species have hybrids, for then identification may be much easier. Hybrids complicate identification, especially continuous-spectrum hybrids.

Potentilla SPECIES LACKING HYBRIDS
(Potentilla anserina) Silverweed
(Potentilla argentea) Hoary Cinquefoil
(Potentilla argyrophylla)
(Potentilla brauniana)
(Potentilla crantzii) Alpine Cinquefoil
(Potentilla erecta subsp. strictissima) Tormentil
(Potentilla fruticosa) Shrubby Cinquefoil
(Potentilla hirta)
(Potentilla inclinata) Grey Cinquefoil
(Potentilla indica) Yellow-flowered Strawberry
(Potentilla intermedia) Russian Cinquefoil
(Potentilla montana) Mountain Cinquefoil
(Potentilla nepalensis)
(Potentilla norvegica) Ternate-leaved Cinquefoil
(Potentilla rivalis) Brook Cinquefoil
(Potentilla rupestris) Rock Cinquefoil
(Potentilla sterilis) Barren Strawberry
(Potentilla supina)
(Potentilla tabernaemontani) Spring Cinquefoil
(Potentilla x mixta) Hybrid Cinquefoil

[Anacamptis]
PYRAMIDAL ORCHID HYBRID CHART
[Anacamptis]
PYRAMIDAL ORCHID
HYBRIDS
BSBI MAPS
Loose-flowered
Orchid

(laxiflora)
Green-winged
Orchid

(morio)
Pyramidal
Orchid

(pyramidalis)
Pyramidal
Orchid

(pyramidalis)
    Anacamptis pyramidalis
x
Gymnadenia conopsea

(X Gymnanacamptis anacamptis)

Green-winged
Orchid

(morio)
Anacamptis
×
alata
 
Loose-flowered
Orchid

(laxiflora)
Anacamptis
×
alata
 

Occasionally there are hybrids between Genera, which cannot be shown properly on the Hybrid Charts, but, as in the above example, an attempt is made to display these whenever there are any. In the above chart the inter-genus hybrid between an Anacamptis species and a Gymnadenia species is shown on the 'forbidden' diagonal in green where in reality a 3-D 3-axis table is required (but you are not going to get one just for this one inter-genera hybrid). An inter-genera hybrid might be an indication that the taxonomy of these two genera is in need of slight adjustment.


IMPORTANT NOTES

All the Hybrid Charts are derived from the species list from the BSBI, with corrections to any spelling errors by the Author. [Any spelling errors or omissions by the BSBI prevent the Authors' program, which converts a linear list into a hybrid chart, from properly identifying hybrids. These errors have had to be corrected by the Author who has referred to 'The New Flora of the British Isles' by Clive Stace for further guidance.

The sub-species and variations (subsp. and var.) are automatically shown in the list of Species Lacking Hybrids, but they may well be involved in hybrids if the same species is. The same may apply to entries including terms such as 'agg.' (aggregate) or 's.l' or 'sens. lat', etc.

TRIPLE AND QUADRUPLE HYBRIDS
Any triple hybrids, shown on the BSBI website by A. bbbbb x ccccc x ddddd, cannot be properly represented on a 2D hybrid chart, and really need to be on a 3D chart. The same is true of any quadruple hybrids (of which there is but one). At the moment any triple hybrids partially over-lap normal hybrids on the charts, but the Author intends to remove any triple or quadruple hybrids from the hybrid chart, and present them in an alternative format.

LIST ALL KNOWN TRIPLE HYBRIDS

BIOLOGICAL HYBRIDS - from WIKIPEDIA [POP]



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